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Although inkjet printers only appeared on the consumer
market in the late 1980s, they had been under development for more
than twenty years by that time. In the mid-1970s, printer companies
realized the potential of the technology that would make dot matrix
printers obsolete. The challenge, however, was to come up with a
way to create an affordable inkjet printer that would reliably create
high-quality printouts.
Technical challenges
The quality of the printed page depends largely on the relationship
between the ink, the print head, and the paper. Researchers had
a hard time creating a controlled flow of ink from the print head
onto the page, and preventing the print head from becoming clogged
with dried ink. Once these challenges were met by Canon and Hewlett
Packard in the late 1980s, liquid inkjet printers began to come
on the market.
Different styles
Continuous inkjet printers were developed by IBM, and use electrically-charged
droplets to coat the page with ink very quickly but also waste a
lot of ink. This technology never caught on with consumers, but
is used today in industrial settings, for labeling cartons and addressing
direct mail. The more popular design among consumers is the drop-on-demand
inkjet printer, invented by Siemens in 1977. These printers, which
spray ink only where needed, are slower than continuous inkjet printers
but less expensive. Most drop-on-demand printers, including those
made by HP, Canon, and Lexmark, use thermal technology to push the
drops of ink out of the print head; Epson uses its own technology,
called piezo-electric, to achieve the same effect. The inkjet printer
has come a long way since it became available almost twenty years
ago: Hewlett Packard's DeskJet printer, which was among the first
available to the public, was priced at $1,000 in 1988!
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